50th Anniversary of Mozambique‘s Independence
50th Anniversary of Mozambique‘s Independence
Historical and Environmental Milestones in Mozambique aligned with our Purpose
(1962–2024) Celebration of 50 Years
Founding of Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM – Universidade Eduardo Mondlane)
1962
The country’s first university, responsible for shaping national leaders and fostering Mozambican thought.
Women’s Detachment & Creation of the Organization of Mozambican Women (OMM – Organização da Mulher Moçambicana)
1967–1973
Women participate in the liberation struggle. The OMM structures the national women’s movement.
Lusaka Agreement
1974
Signed between Portugal and the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO – Frente de Libertação de Moçambique), paving the way for the country’s independence.
National Independence (June 25)
1975
Mozambique becomes an independent republic, initiating reforms in the health and education sectors.
Creation of the Ministry of Women and Social Action (MMAS – Ministério da Mulher e Ação Social)
1983
First governmental structure dedicated to gender issues and social protection.
National Education System Law (SNE – Sistema Nacional de Educação)
1983
Reform that democratizes access to education and values national inclusion.
Family Law
1986
Strengthens women’s rights and combats practices such as polygamy.
Multiparty Constitution with Gender Quotas
1990
Introduction of multiparty democracy and 30% female representation in state institutions.
General Peace Agreement / End of Civil War
1992
End of armed conflict and beginning of national reconstruction.
Ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
1997
Mozambique commits to promoting gender equity.
Community Management of Forests and Wildlife
1997–1999
Adoption of the National Policy and Law on Forests and Wildlife, allowing community management of natural resources.
Limpopo and Zambezi River Floods
2000
A natural disaster that led to improved policies on risk management and humanitarian response.
Mozambique as a Leader in the Fight Against Malaria
2000s–Present
With emphasis on the Manhiça Health Research Center (CISM – Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça), which participated in trials for the first vaccine approved by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Expansion of Bilingual and Inclusive Education
2000–2014
Introduction of curricula in local languages and civic inclusion with support from the Institute of Social and Economic Studies (IESE – Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Económicos).
Ratification of the Maputo Protocol (African Union – AU)
2003
Treaty that strengthens the sexual and reproductive rights of African women.
Renaissance of Gorongosa National Park (PNG – Parque Nacional da Gorongosa)
2008–Present
Innovative conservation model combining ecological restoration, community development, and scientific education.
Law Against Domestic Violence
2009
Legal milestone with strong civil society support, enhancing victim protection and holding perpetrators accountable.
Creation of the Foundation for the Conservation of Biodiversity (BIOFUND – Fundação para a Conservação da Biodiversidade)
2011
The first conservation trust fund for protected areas in Mozambique.
Signing of the Gaborone Declaration
2012
Mozambique becomes a signatory of the declaration promoted by the Wealth Accounting and the Valuation of Ecosystem Services (WAVES – a World Bank initiative).
Discovery of Natural Gas in the Rovuma Basin
2015
Mozambique enters the global energy stage, raising expectations and governance challenges.
Approval of the National Renewable Energy Strategy (2018–2043)
2018
Targets at least 50% of the energy matrix from renewable sources by 2030.
Commissioning of the Mocuba Solar Power Plant (40 MW)
2019
First large-scale solar plant in Mozambique, reducing an estimated 79,000 tons of CO₂ per year.
Operation of the Metoro Solar Station (41 MW)
2020–2022
Provides clean energy to Pemba, meeting 75% of the city’s needs and reducing 49,000 tons of CO₂ annually.
Climate Education and Community Conservation
2020s
Introduction of environmental content in schools and projects like MangAction, involving youth and women in conservation efforts.
Rise of the Innovative Generation
2020s
Startups and young leaders offer solutions in agriculture, education, and technology, driving a new cycle of impact-driven leadership.
Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
2020–2023
Adoption of digital solutions in health and education, exposing structural inequalities and accelerating digital transformation.
“Eu Sou Capaz” Program
2021
Government initiative through the Secretariat of State for Youth and Employment (SEJE – Secretaria de Estado da Juventude e Emprego), with World Bank support, to keep girls in school and combat early marriage.
Growth of Smart Cities
2021–Present
Maputo, Beira, and Nampula implement digital solutions for mobility, waste management, and citizen participation.
Approval of the Namaacha Wind Park (120 MW)
2024
First utility-scale wind farm in the country, with guaranteed funding and estimated reduction of 71,800 tons of CO₂ per year.
